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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： % P7 B3 A) ~* i4 @( i4 V' f3 ]
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! K: |' @( p6 D5 f" k6 m& c+ \Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第0 r: F4 y3 u& o) H, J7 ` N
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2 g" L0 a, O3 G; d4 _# {mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。+ i( T& i: F0 w, }color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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& Z2 }2 K7 c1 q( `Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。4 g4 S3 O2 b4 ^6 X# l: D* w
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。: P) V) L6 Z. V' T4 amso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？+ k. P: U) g& w- ]. x- Wcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。, N# `6 u0 R. r. c7 E" d0 b4 e$ ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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8 Z+ V$ q- v& Q! x; V% q! L! \0 nTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服7 F" X O2 m4 G/ W! K, v
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1 M3 ?: u$ e) D/ w I$ i tTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢2 x, B2 y( Q4 [; q" c! h3 omso-font-kerning:0pt"> ; X# d5 N/ {/ k- ?1 [: o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服0 w% o+ |$ \% o' _
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。# Y9 O# p1 X( C$ m `; _mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新! L/ J1 y( K: j& H3 g
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学$ v( ]* g6 z# g* I2 L
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0 y ^: M8 c0 b2 i/ |: _2 w+ `; XTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么1 c2 `$ Q5 c6 @1 p# I1 ?. ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">——/ G) O: Q: X5 x/ E5 E# h3 ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
" _! @# t" j* k5 M! ]% A& Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？2 R, F5 Z- R @7 v3 Z' w, R
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”& @. m" H/ R9 k' O: L5 G
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说" w8 C$ p. ~8 u+ I3 N: _, e5 u
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R1 `( \& a* `# b7 p6 }/ Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。8 B8 E" V( N" ]# F- _: ^+ X- jmso-font-kerning:0pt">"8 b# y3 X1 S3 U* W' i; @1 n! Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;. G* T e& U& p! V/ A1 ^' A! Z$ l
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服. Z" T6 c( }1 T% y: j3 y0 p% l10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> - Y3 ~0 K- c( D! j. r5 n7 T; J: M) _mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;6 B# K3 k- L! m W
mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊, B' w2 k7 A- q* q- b4 Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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, M9 U" u0 \% k6 l* JTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚. \5 k. G2 S0 x, b2 I( Smso-font-kerning:0pt"> ( _6 r* k8 j$ M5 M. z; l% ^
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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：: i( G- l5 Y @3 X" c8 R/ r0pt"> % J) q. U6 }0 u) y9 z) e" N8 V* x! |3 D
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！! d' V: A, U5 p8 l' T: I% q% |
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# c' R4 @6 f2 R8 l5 UTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假; ?1 P: {, \4 [3 r! o
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是: j' l3 M3 d( f3 G0 W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题, g9 C; ^% r% B" hmso-font-kerning:0pt">”, a, v7 M" E. L" L5 I5 g& K
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。( @" K8 q, |' M4 g& b/ s+ E
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! h( O7 i- d- F$ s+ G l, gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴0 r7 w! b$ J2 X5 @, V9 V
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4 e. D9 t& x( C( l7 Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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