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" b4 B3 e' i( N4 |+ `2 ZTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网8 v6 b+ s4 \* B" ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ* K$ k; o+ R0 Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
5 [5 r2 `" a- E$ |4 k- r9 k- Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。# m, H# {4 ~/ I0 imso-font-kerning:0pt">
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2 i8 ?# D0 @: ]! ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第( ^4 A) ]( p. D D
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- X' O" g5 u5 {mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：+ t) b+ J q3 k# T9 \$ `mso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 Z2 f6 s, J* s# H/ @. t
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' ]' m/ ?8 ]6 d+ p9 E% X; }( y3 c9 kmso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。, V. D9 C% N; P: e3 {mso-font-kerning:0pt">”, m7 w& z, n( J5 E
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：- R3 `8 H: `1 P) w: u
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。+ E5 s% ~# ]9 h" E6 ^color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”4 @. y9 }, ?# J3 f+ E
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: B8 c6 D: u% Y( u# dmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：; _8 W S( W, j- `& m0 o
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+ o* Z9 Z# g2 g @mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？/ g. I- j& Q2 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 L; V2 Z" a) R8 ]1 S; z8 H Xmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
' q, S& p+ Z" W9 n5 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：8 m% I8 T2 X( i* a# V# gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 M' p% S% V* D1 M/ emso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
5 W) s( D( B2 l: l2 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。; A% m( U) u7 N1 K0 [# i9 B
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9 ]* n1 m' q8 [mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。, m2 a+ Z3 x5 A8 b3 u6 R
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& f$ L5 J$ G4 Z; m1 Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：. [6 y" m, v5 C2 C10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“: L% O% F9 t& _mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
' }$ ~1 V# q0 [ d0 U% u4 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。6 O% R1 E0 `5 U2 a m. M10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”, L) p T, ?) F; c9 T
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5 M+ H! r3 e Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：% O* u% g5 A4 B0pt">"- p7 e+ y% {+ r' }& N5 K! ^mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
% ]- [9 q2 A/ J g5 }Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。0 u* ], k* m) x7 f( r" imso-font-kerning:0pt">"8 b5 m, D! K1 H; z+ v, }7 K
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- R6 Y* Z3 M3 W# ]- h+ c: T" ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：- X1 l1 |4 A9 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">"! e" u U) b, @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
. E4 R. ?) a, a$ @7 x" `1 Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢4 J5 C" R! C5 E. }, bmso-font-kerning:0pt">?" 8 r9 A0 b+ Y9 V7 I9 ?" d( z
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) g& \5 c* D) \; @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：! B- r9 p" q# d, ?$ z, Omso-font-kerning:0pt">"# P: J* K$ S/ { I) ~7 ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。6 X4 S9 j! g \ Z; S# L$ g
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是8 ?; @0 W' t* s10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“ T5 u* |- F/ ?* a6 P
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0 _ h8 }& ^+ z4 P+ ^8 w7 U! Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违$ A+ \- X: ]; A7 h9 u& D# {
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% G0 a& t3 v1 x1 G X7 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得5 f" ?& @+ z# O$ k! @, O9 M' ~1 x7 imso-font-kerning:0pt">“! W$ f) J9 W0 n, d8 @
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲% e5 L9 N1 d2 t) l( a
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，' S, P' \# A5 n2 m( P" {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。; T0 e, N: i g$ D, `; x: o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。. n& _+ t* o f, w g, Z8 I
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% ^$ C- A9 l; ]0 {, g* Amso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。% D/ j5 Z6 |. o9 z
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8 x9 F' X! ~* L9 `Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义; Q+ H% Y0 g: I5 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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- s8 e5 U- m h+ b0 s2 w; MTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！. B5 T! d2 ]# v
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: ]8 i; w; c( q. N, Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。7 O' a0 i" d3 G t. G+ nmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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) L, X+ }( f; E! ^1 m* BTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述+ ^! B" s; a6 t! }: f
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' w% {% a* J, W1 D0 \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊& p6 e8 F9 V4 q
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& p8 e) \& u) r# Y8 ]6 WTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。* P% r) ^& C& N5 Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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2 U' P4 {- }$ @6 r, s% w. U, wTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。9 V4 ]) v) K: {: h" V( i# M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。, S; _$ F G; }# O6 @- Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">——3 \! K& U0 s+ V3 @8 M; xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
/ a. a- h- ?. ]6 `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：& y5 W/ g' k# n' j( f2 D& s4 d5 j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。/ {" l1 H) [& w# L2 P5 R% Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 D0 O( ~- [& Q3 u) ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
7 L% F" X- Z6 ~/ w3 Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个+ a) h& i: H% Imso-font-kerning:0pt">“& n- `/ k5 A1 v) L$ r1 H, Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为5 I% G- `! P- q4 t" Y. ?
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* k; S# P- M9 n/ y umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道9 M) J4 h0 ?, F6 W4 t- ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。 G7 m4 H: \* n9 b/ Y# ^
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的2 B* [4 k: G1 l3 ]7 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ t0 @3 g) P0 j3 H; F
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- J2 M3 j: o0 j6 x8 P# emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思% `! `4 \" Y& z
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